Actually display a triangle on screen!

src/app.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ mod functions;
 use functions::{
     create_command_buffers, create_command_pool, create_framebuffers, create_instance,
     create_logical_device, create_pipeline, create_render_pass, create_swapchain,
-    create_swapchain_image_views, pick_physical_device,
+    create_swapchain_image_views, create_sync_objects, pick_physical_device,
 };
 
 use crate::VALIDATION_ENABLED;
@@ -13,11 +13,21 @@ use ::vulkanalia::loader::{LibloadingLoader, LIBRARY};
 use ::vulkanalia::prelude::v1_0::*;
 use ::vulkanalia::vk::{ExtDebugUtilsExtension, KhrSurfaceExtension, KhrSwapchainExtension};
 use ::vulkanalia::window as vk_window;
+use ::vulkanalia::Version;
 use ::winit::window::Window;
 
-pub(crate) const VALIDATION_LAYER: vk::ExtensionName =
+/// The name of the validation layers.
+pub const VALIDATION_LAYER: vk::ExtensionName =
     vk::ExtensionName::from_bytes(b"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
-pub(crate) const DEVICE_EXTENSIONS: &[vk::ExtensionName] = &[vk::KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION.name];
+
+/// The Vulkan SDK version that started requiring the portability subset extension for macOS.
+pub const PORTABILITY_MACOS_VERSION: Version = Version::new(1, 3, 216);
+
+/// The required device extensions
+pub const DEVICE_EXTENSIONS: &[vk::ExtensionName] = &[vk::KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION.name];
+
+/// The maximum number of frames that can be processed concurrently.
+pub const MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT: usize = 2;
 
 /// Our Vulkan app.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -25,7 +35,8 @@ pub struct App {
     entry: Entry,
     instance: Instance,
     data: AppData,
-    device: Device,
+    pub device: Device,
+    frame: usize,
 }
 
 impl App {
@@ -51,12 +62,14 @@ impl App {
         create_framebuffers(&device, &mut data)?;
         create_command_pool(&instance, &device, &mut data)?;
         create_command_buffers(&device, &mut data)?;
+        create_sync_objects(&device, &mut data)?;
 
         Ok(Self {
             entry,
             instance,
             data,
             device,
+            frame: 0,
         })
     }
 
@@ -65,6 +78,41 @@ impl App {
     /// # Safety
     /// Here be Dragons
     pub unsafe fn render(&mut self, _window: &Window) -> Result<()> {
+        let image_index = self
+            .device
+            .acquire_next_image_khr(
+                self.data.swapchain,
+                u64::max_value(),
+                self.data.image_available_semaphores[self.frame],
+                vk::Fence::null(),
+            )?
+            .0 as usize;
+
+        let wait_semaphores = &[self.data.image_available_semaphores[self.frame]];
+        let wait_stages = &[vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT];
+        let command_buffers = &[self.data.command_buffers[image_index as usize]];
+        let signal_semaphores = &[self.data.render_finished_semaphores[self.frame]];
+        let submit_info = vk::SubmitInfo::builder()
+            .wait_semaphores(wait_semaphores)
+            .wait_dst_stage_mask(wait_stages)
+            .command_buffers(command_buffers)
+            .signal_semaphores(signal_semaphores);
+
+        self.device
+            .queue_submit(self.data.graphics_queue, &[submit_info], vk::Fence::null())?;
+
+        let swapchains = &[self.data.swapchain];
+        let image_indices = &[image_index as u32];
+        let present_info = vk::PresentInfoKHR::builder()
+            .wait_semaphores(signal_semaphores)
+            .swapchains(swapchains)
+            .image_indices(image_indices);
+
+        self.device
+            .queue_present_khr(self.data.present_queue, &present_info)?;
+
+        self.frame = (self.frame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
+
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -73,6 +121,14 @@ impl App {
     /// # Safety
     /// Here be Dragons
     pub unsafe fn destroy(&mut self) {
+        self.data
+            .render_finished_semaphores
+            .iter()
+            .for_each(|s| self.device.destroy_semaphore(*s, None));
+        self.data
+            .image_available_semaphores
+            .iter()
+            .for_each(|s| self.device.destroy_semaphore(*s, None));
         self.device
             .destroy_command_pool(self.data.command_pool, None);
         self.data
@@ -127,6 +183,9 @@ pub struct AppData {
     command_pool: vk::CommandPool,
     // Command Buffers
     command_buffers: Vec<vk::CommandBuffer>,
+    // Sync Objects
+    image_available_semaphores: Vec<vk::Semaphore>,
+    render_finished_semaphores: Vec<vk::Semaphore>,
 }
 
 impl AppData {}

src/app/functions.rs

@@ -76,11 +76,13 @@ pub(super) unsafe fn create_instance(
     }
 
     // Compatibility extension for macOS
-    let flags = if entry
+    let flags = if (cfg!(target_os = "macos") && entry.version()? >= PORTABILITY_MACOS_VERSION)
-        .enumerate_instance_extension_properties(None)?
+        || entry
-        .iter()
+            .enumerate_instance_extension_properties(None)?
-        .any(|e| e.extension_name == vk::KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION.name)
+            .iter()
+            .any(|e| e.extension_name == vk::KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION.name)
     {
+        info!("Enabling extensions for macOS compatibility.");
         extensions.push(vk::KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION.name.as_ptr());
         extensions.push(
             vk::KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES2_EXTENSION
@@ -397,12 +399,21 @@ pub(super) unsafe fn create_render_pass(
     let subpass = vk::SubpassDescription::builder()
         .pipeline_bind_point(vk::PipelineBindPoint::GRAPHICS)
         .color_attachments(color_attachments);
+    let dependency = vk::SubpassDependency::builder()
+        .src_subpass(vk::SUBPASS_EXTERNAL)
+        .dst_subpass(0)
+        .src_stage_mask(vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT)
+        .src_access_mask(vk::AccessFlags::empty())
+        .dst_stage_mask(vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT)
+        .dst_access_mask(vk::AccessFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE);
 
     let attachments = &[color_attachment];
     let subpasses = &[subpass];
+    let dependencies = &[dependency];
     let info = vk::RenderPassCreateInfo::builder()
         .attachments(attachments)
-        .subpasses(subpasses);
+        .subpasses(subpasses)
+        .dependencies(dependencies);
 
     data.render_pass = device.create_render_pass(&info, None)?;
 
@@ -615,3 +626,16 @@ pub(super) unsafe fn create_command_buffers(device: &Device, data: &mut AppData)
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+pub(super) unsafe fn create_sync_objects(device: &Device, data: &mut AppData) -> Result<()> {
+    let semaphore_info = vk::SemaphoreCreateInfo::builder();
+
+    for _ in 0..MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT {
+        data.image_available_semaphores
+            .push(device.create_semaphore(&semaphore_info, None)?);
+        data.render_finished_semaphores
+            .push(device.create_semaphore(&semaphore_info, None)?);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ mod app;
 pub use app::App;
 
 use ::anyhow::Result;
+use ::vulkanalia::vk::DeviceV1_0;
 use ::winit::dpi::LogicalSize;
 use ::winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};
 use ::winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
                 destroying = true;
                 *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
                 unsafe {
+                    app.device.device_wait_idle().unwrap();
                     app.destroy();
                 }
             }