From abdd1da877c5c69c7c64f9d5df0e0e534f94bc0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Timothy Warren <twarren@nabancard.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2019 11:42:19 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] Add generic type examples

---
 .idea/misc.xml        |   2 +
 .idea/rust.iml        |   8 ++
 .idea/workspace.xml   | 167 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 generics/Cargo.toml   |   7 ++
 generics/src/lib.rs   |  80 ++++++++++++++++++++
 generics/src/main.rs  |  40 ++++++++++
 generics/src/point.rs |  34 +++++++++
 7 files changed, 291 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 generics/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 generics/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 generics/src/main.rs
 create mode 100644 generics/src/point.rs

diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml
index baf7791..92170b1 100644
--- a/.idea/misc.xml
+++ b/.idea/misc.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
     <cargoProject FILE="$PROJECT_DIR$/enums/Cargo.toml" />
     <cargoProject FILE="$PROJECT_DIR$/modules/Cargo.toml" />
     <cargoProject FILE="$PROJECT_DIR$/errors/Cargo.toml" />
+    <cargoProject FILE="$PROJECT_DIR$/largest_number/src/main.rs" />
+    <cargoProject FILE="$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/Cargo.toml" />
   </component>
   <component name="ComposerJsonPluginSettings">
     <unboundedVersionInspectionSettings>
diff --git a/.idea/rust.iml b/.idea/rust.iml
index a8e328f..454cb85 100644
--- a/.idea/rust.iml
+++ b/.idea/rust.iml
@@ -63,12 +63,20 @@
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/errors/examples" isTestSource="false" />
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/errors/tests" isTestSource="true" />
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/errors/benches" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/generics/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/largest_number/examples" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/largest_number/tests" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/largest_number/benches" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/generics/examples" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/generics/tests" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/generics/benches" isTestSource="true" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/branches/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/ctof/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/enums/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/errors/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/ftoc/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/functions/target" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/generics/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/guessing_game/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/loops/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/modules/target" />
diff --git a/.idea/workspace.xml b/.idea/workspace.xml
index 145a8ab..5bf83ff 100644
--- a/.idea/workspace.xml
+++ b/.idea/workspace.xml
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 <project version="4">
   <component name="ChangeListManager">
     <list default="true" id="c8f42924-1cd2-4b1c-bcff-602a3368bb16" name="Default Changelist" comment="">
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.gitignore" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.gitignore" afterDir="false" />
       <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/misc.xml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/misc.xml" afterDir="false" />
       <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/rust.iml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/rust.iml" afterDir="false" />
       <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/workspace.xml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/workspace.xml" afterDir="false" />
@@ -16,23 +15,42 @@
   <component name="FileEditorManager">
     <leaf SIDE_TABS_SIZE_LIMIT_KEY="300">
       <file pinned="false" current-in-tab="false">
-        <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/errors/src/main.rs">
+        <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/main.rs">
           <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
-            <state relative-caret-position="1024">
-              <caret line="64" column="1" lean-forward="true" selection-start-line="64" selection-start-column="1" selection-end-line="64" selection-end-column="1" />
+            <state relative-caret-position="192">
+              <caret line="12" column="9" lean-forward="true" selection-start-line="12" selection-start-column="9" selection-end-line="12" selection-end-column="9" />
+            </state>
+          </provider>
+        </entry>
+      </file>
+      <file pinned="false" current-in-tab="false">
+        <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/point.rs">
+          <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
+            <state relative-caret-position="544">
+              <caret line="34" lean-forward="true" selection-start-line="34" selection-end-line="34" />
               <folding>
-                <element signature="e#285#286#0" expanded="true" />
-                <element signature="e#323#324#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#548#549#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#570#571#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#665#666#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#720#721#0" expanded="true" />
               </folding>
             </state>
           </provider>
         </entry>
       </file>
       <file pinned="false" current-in-tab="true">
-        <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.gitignore">
+        <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/lib.rs">
           <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
-            <state relative-caret-position="720">
-              <caret line="45" column="16" selection-start-line="45" selection-start-column="16" selection-end-line="45" selection-end-column="16" />
+            <state relative-caret-position="256">
+              <caret line="16" column="54" selection-start-line="16" selection-start-column="54" selection-end-line="16" selection-end-column="54" />
+              <folding>
+                <element signature="e#127#128#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#171#172#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#382#383#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#420#421#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#782#783#0" expanded="true" />
+                <element signature="e#826#827#0" expanded="true" />
+              </folding>
             </state>
           </provider>
         </entry>
@@ -79,6 +97,13 @@
         <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/guessing_game/.gitignore" />
         <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/errors/src/main.rs" />
         <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/.gitignore" />
+        <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/largest_number/src/main.rs" />
+        <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/Cargo.toml" />
+        <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/trait.rs" />
+        <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/traits.rs" />
+        <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/main.rs" />
+        <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/point.rs" />
+        <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/lib.rs" />
       </list>
     </option>
   </component>
@@ -88,11 +113,11 @@
     <annotation-enable>false</annotation-enable>
     <other-services-enabled>false</other-services-enabled>
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectFrameBounds">
-    <option name="x" value="1920" />
-    <option name="y" value="-438" />
-    <option name="width" value="1080" />
-    <option name="height" value="1897" />
+  <component name="ProjectFrameBounds" extendedState="6">
+    <option name="x" value="1680" />
+    <option name="y" value="371" />
+    <option name="width" value="1050" />
+    <option name="height" value="876" />
   </component>
   <component name="ProjectLevelVcsManager" settingsEditedManually="true">
     <ConfirmationsSetting value="1" id="Add" />
@@ -112,7 +137,13 @@
             <path>
               <item name="rust" type="3d21c010:ScopeViewTreeModel$ProjectNode" />
               <item name="rust" type="2674bda8:ScopeViewTreeModel$GroupNode" />
-              <item name="errors" type="9f88c78c:ScopeViewTreeModel$FileNode" />
+              <item name="generics" type="9f88c78c:ScopeViewTreeModel$FileNode" />
+            </path>
+            <path>
+              <item name="rust" type="3d21c010:ScopeViewTreeModel$ProjectNode" />
+              <item name="rust" type="2674bda8:ScopeViewTreeModel$GroupNode" />
+              <item name="generics" type="9f88c78c:ScopeViewTreeModel$FileNode" />
+              <item name="src" type="9f88c78c:ScopeViewTreeModel$FileNode" />
             </path>
           </expand>
           <select />
@@ -145,7 +176,7 @@
   </component>
   <component name="PropertiesComponent">
     <property name="JavaScriptWeakerCompletionTypeGuess" value="true" />
-    <property name="com.android.tools.idea.instantapp.provision.ProvisionBeforeRunTaskProvider.myTimeStamp" value="1548883606455" />
+    <property name="com.android.tools.idea.instantapp.provision.ProvisionBeforeRunTaskProvider.myTimeStamp" value="1548952830934" />
     <property name="javascript.nodejs.core.library.configured.version" value="7.1.0" />
     <property name="js.eslint.eslintPackage" value="$USER_HOME$/.yarn-config/global/node_modules/.bin/eslint" />
     <property name="js.eslint.nodeInterpreter" value="project" />
@@ -173,7 +204,7 @@
       </list>
     </option>
   </component>
-  <component name="RunManager" selected="Cargo Command.Run errors">
+  <component name="RunManager" selected="Cargo Command.Run generics">
     <configuration name="&lt;template&gt;" type="TestNG" default="true" selected="false">
       <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" />
       <option name="VM_PARAMETERS" value="-ea" />
@@ -212,6 +243,26 @@
       <envs />
       <method v="2" />
     </configuration>
+    <configuration name="Run generics" type="CargoCommandRunConfiguration" factoryName="Cargo Command" temporary="true">
+      <option name="channel" value="DEFAULT" />
+      <option name="command" value="run --package generics --bin generics" />
+      <option name="allFeatures" value="false" />
+      <option name="nocapture" value="false" />
+      <option name="backtrace" value="SHORT" />
+      <option name="workingDirectory" value="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/generics" />
+      <envs />
+      <method v="2" />
+    </configuration>
+    <configuration name="Run largest_number" type="CargoCommandRunConfiguration" factoryName="Cargo Command" temporary="true">
+      <option name="channel" value="DEFAULT" />
+      <option name="command" value="run --package largest_number --bin largest_number" />
+      <option name="allFeatures" value="false" />
+      <option name="nocapture" value="false" />
+      <option name="backtrace" value="SHORT" />
+      <option name="workingDirectory" value="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/largest_number/src" />
+      <envs />
+      <method v="2" />
+    </configuration>
     <configuration name="Run modules" type="CargoCommandRunConfiguration" factoryName="Cargo Command" temporary="true">
       <option name="channel" value="DEFAULT" />
       <option name="command" value="run --package modules --bin modules" />
@@ -222,26 +273,6 @@
       <envs />
       <method v="2" />
     </configuration>
-    <configuration name="Run rectangles" type="CargoCommandRunConfiguration" factoryName="Cargo Command" temporary="true">
-      <option name="channel" value="DEFAULT" />
-      <option name="command" value="run --package rectangles --bin rectangles" />
-      <option name="allFeatures" value="false" />
-      <option name="nocapture" value="false" />
-      <option name="backtrace" value="SHORT" />
-      <option name="workingDirectory" value="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/rectangles" />
-      <envs />
-      <method v="2" />
-    </configuration>
-    <configuration name="Run structs" type="CargoCommandRunConfiguration" factoryName="Cargo Command" temporary="true">
-      <option name="channel" value="DEFAULT" />
-      <option name="command" value="run --package structs --bin structs" />
-      <option name="allFeatures" value="false" />
-      <option name="nocapture" value="false" />
-      <option name="backtrace" value="SHORT" />
-      <option name="workingDirectory" value="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/structs" />
-      <envs />
-      <method v="2" />
-    </configuration>
     <configuration default="true" type="JUnit" factoryName="JUnit">
       <option name="TEST_OBJECT" value="class" />
       <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$MODULE_DIR$" />
@@ -251,20 +282,20 @@
     </configuration>
     <recent_temporary>
       <list>
+        <item itemvalue="Cargo Command.Run generics" />
+        <item itemvalue="Cargo Command.Run largest_number" />
         <item itemvalue="Cargo Command.Run errors" />
         <item itemvalue="Cargo Command.Run modules" />
         <item itemvalue="Cargo Command.Run enums" />
-        <item itemvalue="Cargo Command.Run rectangles" />
-        <item itemvalue="Cargo Command.Run structs" />
       </list>
     </recent_temporary>
   </component>
   <component name="ToolWindowManager">
-    <frame x="1920" y="-438" width="1080" height="1897" extended-state="0" />
+    <frame x="1680" y="-410" width="1050" height="1657" extended-state="6" />
     <editor active="true" />
     <layout>
-      <window_info active="true" content_ui="combo" id="Project" order="0" sideWeight="0.4970809" visible="true" weight="0.2540132" />
-      <window_info id="Structure" order="1" sideWeight="0.5029191" side_tool="true" visible="true" weight="0.2540132" />
+      <window_info content_ui="combo" id="Project" order="0" sideWeight="0.49724266" visible="true" weight="0.26141885" />
+      <window_info id="Structure" order="1" sideWeight="0.5027574" side_tool="true" visible="true" weight="0.26141885" />
       <window_info id="Image Layers" order="2" />
       <window_info id="Designer" order="3" />
       <window_info id="Capture Tool" order="4" />
@@ -272,7 +303,7 @@
       <window_info id="Cargo" order="6" sideWeight="0.49791494" weight="0.3286119" />
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Message" order="0" />
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Find" order="1" weight="0.32979318" />
-      <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Run" order="2" visible="true" weight="0.32979318" />
+      <window_info active="true" anchor="bottom" id="Run" order="2" visible="true" weight="0.29761136" />
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Debug" order="3" weight="0.4" />
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Cvs" order="4" weight="0.25" />
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Inspection" order="5" weight="0.4" />
@@ -280,7 +311,7 @@
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Docker" order="7" show_stripe_button="false" />
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Version Control" order="8" />
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Inspection Results" order="9" weight="0.32979318" />
-      <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Terminal" order="10" weight="0.32979318" />
+      <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Terminal" order="10" weight="0.32924467" />
       <window_info anchor="bottom" id="Event Log" order="11" side_tool="true" />
       <window_info anchor="right" id="Commander" order="0" weight="0.4" />
       <window_info anchor="right" id="Ant Build" order="1" weight="0.25" />
@@ -454,6 +485,13 @@
     <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/errors/hello.txt">
       <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor" />
     </entry>
+    <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.gitignore">
+      <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
+        <state relative-caret-position="720">
+          <caret line="45" column="16" selection-start-line="45" selection-start-column="16" selection-end-line="45" selection-end-column="16" />
+        </state>
+      </provider>
+    </entry>
     <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/errors/src/main.rs">
       <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
         <state relative-caret-position="1024">
@@ -465,10 +503,45 @@
         </state>
       </provider>
     </entry>
-    <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.gitignore">
+    <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/Cargo.toml">
       <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
-        <state relative-caret-position="720">
-          <caret line="45" column="16" selection-start-line="45" selection-start-column="16" selection-end-line="45" selection-end-column="16" />
+        <state relative-caret-position="112">
+          <caret line="7" lean-forward="true" selection-start-line="7" selection-end-line="7" />
+        </state>
+      </provider>
+    </entry>
+    <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/point.rs">
+      <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
+        <state relative-caret-position="544">
+          <caret line="34" lean-forward="true" selection-start-line="34" selection-end-line="34" />
+          <folding>
+            <element signature="e#548#549#0" expanded="true" />
+            <element signature="e#570#571#0" expanded="true" />
+            <element signature="e#665#666#0" expanded="true" />
+            <element signature="e#720#721#0" expanded="true" />
+          </folding>
+        </state>
+      </provider>
+    </entry>
+    <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/main.rs">
+      <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
+        <state relative-caret-position="192">
+          <caret line="12" column="9" lean-forward="true" selection-start-line="12" selection-start-column="9" selection-end-line="12" selection-end-column="9" />
+        </state>
+      </provider>
+    </entry>
+    <entry file="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/generics/src/lib.rs">
+      <provider selected="true" editor-type-id="text-editor">
+        <state relative-caret-position="256">
+          <caret line="16" column="54" selection-start-line="16" selection-start-column="54" selection-end-line="16" selection-end-column="54" />
+          <folding>
+            <element signature="e#127#128#0" expanded="true" />
+            <element signature="e#171#172#0" expanded="true" />
+            <element signature="e#382#383#0" expanded="true" />
+            <element signature="e#420#421#0" expanded="true" />
+            <element signature="e#782#783#0" expanded="true" />
+            <element signature="e#826#827#0" expanded="true" />
+          </folding>
         </state>
       </provider>
     </entry>
diff --git a/generics/Cargo.toml b/generics/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4c1276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/generics/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "generics"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Timothy Warren <twarren@nabancard.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/generics/src/lib.rs b/generics/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d39b186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/generics/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+struct Pair<T> {
+    x: T,
+    y: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> Pair<T> {
+    fn new(x: T, y: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            x,
+            y,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Only implements method if both traits are satisfied
+impl<T: Display + PartialOrd> Pair<T> {
+    fn cmp_display(&self) {
+        if self.x >= self.y {
+            println!("The largest member is x = {}", self.x);
+        } else {
+            println!("The largest member is y = {}", self.y);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Summary {
+    fn summarize_author(&self) -> String;
+
+    // default implementation
+    fn summarize(&self) -> String {
+        String::from("(Read more...)")
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct NewsArticle {
+    pub headline: String,
+    pub location: String,
+    pub author: String,
+    pub content: String,
+}
+
+impl Summary for NewsArticle {
+    fn summarize_author(&self) -> String {
+        self.author.to_string()
+    }
+
+    fn summarize(&self) -> String {
+        format!("{}, by {} ({})", self.headline, self.author, self.location)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Tweet {
+    pub username: String,
+    pub content: String,
+    pub reply: bool,
+    pub retweet: bool,
+}
+
+// Uses default implementation for summarize method
+impl Summary for Tweet {
+    fn summarize_author(&self) -> String {
+        format!("@{}", self.username)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn returns_summarizable() -> impl Summary {
+    Tweet {
+        username: String::from("horse_ebooks"),
+        content: String::from("of course, as you probably already know, people"),
+        reply: false,
+        retweet: false,
+    }
+}
+
+// Function/method requiring a trait's implementation
+// pub fn notify(item: impl Summary) {
+//  println!("Breaking news! {}", item.summarize());
+// }
diff --git a/generics/src/main.rs b/generics/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2816884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/generics/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+mod lib;
+mod point;
+
+use point::{Point, DoubleGenericPoint};
+
+// Works on types implementing both the PartialOrd and Copy traits
+fn largest<T: PartialOrd + Copy>(list: &[T]) -> T {
+    let mut largest = list[0];
+
+    for &item in list.iter() {
+        if item > largest {
+            largest = item;
+        }
+    }
+
+    largest
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let number_list = vec![34, 50, 25, 100, 65];
+
+    let result = largest(&number_list);
+    println!("The largest number is {}", result);
+
+    let char_list = vec!['y', 'm', 'a', 'q'];
+
+    let result = largest(&char_list);
+    println!("The largest char is {}", result);
+
+    let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };
+
+    println!("p.x = {}", p.x());
+
+    let p1 = DoubleGenericPoint { x: 5, y: 10.4 };
+    let p2 = DoubleGenericPoint { x: "Hello", y: 'c'};
+
+    let p3 = p1.mixup(p2);
+
+    println!("p3.x = {}, p3.y = {}", p3.x, p3.y);
+}
diff --git a/generics/src/point.rs b/generics/src/point.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5174a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/generics/src/point.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Double generic types for a struct
+pub struct DoubleGenericPoint<T, U> {
+    pub x: T,
+    pub y: U,
+}
+
+impl<T,U> DoubleGenericPoint<T, U> {
+    // Takes a generic of potentially different types than the parent struct
+    pub fn mixup<V, W>(self, other: DoubleGenericPoint<V,W>) -> DoubleGenericPoint<T, W> {
+        DoubleGenericPoint {
+            x: self.x,
+            y: other.y
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Point<T> {
+    pub x: T,
+    pub y: T,
+}
+
+// Implement generic methods on a generic struct
+impl<T> Point<T> {
+    pub fn x(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.x
+    }
+}
+
+// Implement a method for only a specific type of generic
+impl Point<f32> {
+    fn distance_from_origin(&self) -> f32 {
+        (self.x.powi(2) + self.y.powi(2)).sqrt()
+    }
+}