780 lines
22 KiB
Rust
780 lines
22 KiB
Rust
//! # Naive JSON Parser
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//!
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//! Based on [JSON Parser with JavaScript](https://lihautan.com/json-parser-with-javascript/)
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#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
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use std::collections::HashMap;
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use std::iter::FromIterator;
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use std::{char, u16};
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pub type JSONResult = Result<JSONValue, ParseError>;
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pub type JSONArray = Vec<JSONValue>;
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pub type JSONMap = HashMap<String, JSONValue>;
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/// The type of JSON value
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#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
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pub enum JSONValue {
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/// Object Literal
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Object(HashMap<String, JSONValue>),
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/// Array Literal
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Array(Vec<JSONValue>),
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/// String Literal
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String(String),
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/// Number Literal
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Number(f64),
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/// True Literal
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True,
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/// False Literal
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False,
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/// Null Literal
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Null,
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}
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impl JSONValue {
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/// Convert the wrapped JSONValue to its simpler rust value
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///
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/// Example:
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/// ```
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/// use naive_json_parser::JSONValue;
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///
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/// let str = "Four score and seven years ago...";
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/// let wrapped = JSONValue::from(str);
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///
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/// // s is now the `String` that was in the `JSONValue` enum
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/// let s: String = wrapped.unwrap();
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///
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/// # assert_eq!(str, &s);
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/// ```
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pub fn unwrap<T: From<JSONValue>>(self) -> T {
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T::from(self)
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONValue> for JSONMap {
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/// Extracts the `HashMap` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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/// Otherwise, panics.
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fn from(val: JSONValue) -> JSONMap {
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match val {
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JSONValue::Object(o) => o,
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_ => panic!("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONValue> for JSONArray{
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/// Extracts the `Vec` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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/// Otherwise, panics.
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fn from(val: JSONValue) -> JSONArray {
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match val {
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JSONValue::Array(a) => a,
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_ => panic!("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONValue> for f64 {
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/// Extracts the `f64` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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/// Otherwise, panics.
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fn from(val: JSONValue) -> f64 {
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match val {
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JSONValue::Number(n) => n,
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_ => panic!("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONValue> for String {
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/// Extracts the `String` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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/// Otherwise, panics.
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fn from(val: JSONValue) -> String {
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match val {
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JSONValue::String(s) => s,
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_ => panic!("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONValue> for bool {
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/// Extracts the `bool` value from the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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/// Otherwise, panics.
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fn from(val: JSONValue) -> bool {
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match val {
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JSONValue::True => true,
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JSONValue::False => false,
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_ => panic!("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONValue> for () {
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/// This will just swallow the enum value and return a unit tuple
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fn from(_: JSONValue) -> () { () }
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}
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impl From<JSONMap> for JSONValue {
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/// Wraps the `HashMap` in the `JSONValue` enum
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fn from(val: JSONMap) -> JSONValue {
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Self::Object(val)
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONArray> for JSONValue {
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/// Wraps the `Vec` in the `JSONValue` enum
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fn from(val: JSONArray) -> JSONValue {
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Self::Array(val)
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}
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}
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impl From<bool> for JSONValue {
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/// Sets the `JSONValue` enum to the `True` or `False` value
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fn from(val: bool) -> Self {
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match val {
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true => Self::True,
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false => Self::False,
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<f64> for JSONValue {
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/// Wraps the `f64` in the `JSONValue` enum
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fn from(n: f64) -> Self {
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Self::Number(n)
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}
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}
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impl From<()> for JSONValue {
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/// Sets the `JSONValue` enum to the `Null` value
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fn from(_s: ()) -> Self {
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Self::Null
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}
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}
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impl From<String> for JSONValue {
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/// Wraps the `String` in the `JSONValue` enum
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fn from(s: String) -> Self {
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Self::String(s)
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}
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}
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impl From<&str> for JSONValue {
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/// Creates a `String` and wraps it in the `JSONValue` enum
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fn from(s: &str) -> Self {
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Self::String(String::from(s))
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}
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}
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/// The type of error returned by the parser
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#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
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pub enum ParseError {
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/// The input looks like JSON, but seems to end
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UnexpectedEndOfInput(String),
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/// Looks like JSON, but seems to have characters after it should
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ExpectedEndOfInput(String),
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/// Wasn't this supposed to be an object literal?
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ExpectedObjectKey(String),
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/// Hey, wasn't there supposed to be...?
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ExpectedToken(String),
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/// What's this character?
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UnexpectedToken(String),
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/// Shouldn't this be a numeral?
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ExpectedDigit(String),
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/// There's a backslash...were you going somewhere with that?
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ExpectedEscapeChar(String),
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/// Should be a unicode escape character...missing a few digits?
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ExpectedUnicodeEscape(String),
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}
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/// This struct holds a little state for parsing
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#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
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pub struct JSON {
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/// The input JSON String as a character array
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chars: Vec<char>,
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/// The internal parsing index
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i: usize,
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}
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/// Cut down the if boilerplate
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///
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/// Thanks to `uwaterloodudette` on reddit
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macro_rules! try_parse {
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($( $e:expr ),* ) => {
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$(
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if let Some(v) = $e? {
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return Ok(v);
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}
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)*
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};
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}
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impl JSON {
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/// Private constructor
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fn new(json: &str) -> Self {
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JSON {
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chars: json.chars().collect(),
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i: 0,
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}
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}
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/// Parse a `JSONValue` from the current JSON string
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fn parse_value(&mut self) -> JSONResult {
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self.skip_whitespace();
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// Go through the parser methods, until you find
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// one that doesn't return a `None`
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try_parse!(
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self.parse_string(),
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self.parse_number(),
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self.parse_object(),
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self.parse_array(),
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self.parse_keyword("true", JSONValue::True),
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self.parse_keyword("false", JSONValue::False),
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self.parse_keyword("null", JSONValue::Null)
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);
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// Every parser failed, so the syntax is probably incorrect
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Err(ParseError::UnexpectedEndOfInput(format!("Doesn't seem to be valid JSON")))
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}
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::Object` next in the JSON
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fn parse_object(&mut self) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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if self.chars[self.i] != '{' {
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return Ok(None);
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}
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self.increment(1);
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self.skip_whitespace();
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let mut result: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
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let mut initial = true;
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// if it is not '}',
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// we take the path of string -> whitespace -> ':' -> value -> ...
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while self.chars[self.i] != '}' {
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self.skip_whitespace();
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if initial == false {
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self.eat(',')?;
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self.skip_whitespace();
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}
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self.skip_whitespace();
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let key = match self.parse_string()? {
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Some(value) => match value {
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JSONValue::String(s) => s,
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_ => panic!("parse_string returned non-string value"),
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},
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None => String::new(),
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};
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self.skip_whitespace();
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self.eat(':')?;
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let value = self.parse_value()?;
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result.insert(key, value);
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initial = false;
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self.skip_whitespace();
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}
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// Move to the next character: '}'
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self.increment(1);
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Ok(Some(JSONValue::from(result)))
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}
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::Array` next in the JSON
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fn parse_array(&mut self) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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if self.chars[self.i] != '[' {
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return Ok(None);
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}
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self.increment(1);
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self.skip_whitespace();
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let mut result: Vec<JSONValue> = vec![];
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let mut initial = true;
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while self.chars[self.i] != ']' {
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self.skip_whitespace();
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if initial == false {
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self.eat(',')?;
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}
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let value = self.parse_value()?;
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result.push(value);
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initial = false;
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}
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// move to next character: ']'
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self.increment(1);
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Ok(Some(JSONValue::from(result)))
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}
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::String` next in the JSON
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fn parse_string(&mut self) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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if self.chars[self.i] != '"' {
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return Ok(None);
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}
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self.increment(1);
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let mut result = String::new();
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while self.chars[self.i] != '"' && self.i < self.chars.len() - 1 {
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// All the escape sequences...
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if self.chars[self.i] == '\\' {
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let ch = self.chars[self.i + 1];
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if ch == '"' {
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result.push_str("\"");
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self.increment(1);
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} else if ['\\', '/'].contains(&ch) {
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let escaped = ch.escape_default().next().unwrap_or(ch);
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result.push(escaped);
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self.increment(1);
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} else if ['b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't'].contains(&ch) {
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let ch = match ch {
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'b' => '\u{8}',
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'f' => '\x0C',
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'n' => '\n',
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'r' => '\r',
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't' => '\t',
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_ => panic!("Shouldn't be possible!"),
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};
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result.push(ch);
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self.increment(1);
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} else if ch == 'u'
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&& self.chars[self.i + 2].is_ascii_hexdigit()
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&& self.chars[self.i + 3].is_ascii_hexdigit()
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&& self.chars[self.i + 4].is_ascii_hexdigit()
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&& self.chars[self.i + 5].is_ascii_hexdigit()
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{
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// Blech, parse out a JSON unicode (utf16) escape code. Handles surrogate pairs
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// by giving you the replacement character...because...yeah
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let char_str = String::from_iter(&self.chars[self.i + 2..=self.i + 5]);
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let code = u16::from_str_radix(&char_str, 16)
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.expect("Failed to parse unicode escape number");
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let string = String::from_utf16_lossy(&[code]);
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result.push_str(&string);
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self.increment(5);
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}
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} else {
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result.push(self.chars[self.i]);
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}
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self.increment(1);
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}
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self.eat('"')?;
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Ok(Some(JSONValue::from(result)))
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}
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::Number` next in the JSON
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fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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let start = self.i;
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// If it doesn't start with 0-9 or a minus sign, it's probably not a number
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if !(self.chars[start].is_ascii_digit() || self.chars[start] == '-') {
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return Ok(None);
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}
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// All this looping basically just counts the number of characters in the number
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let max = self.chars.len() - 1;
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let mut n = start;
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// Minus sign
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if self.chars[n] == '-' && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
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// Integer Part
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while self.chars[n].is_ascii_digit() && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
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// Decimal Part
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if self.chars[n] == '.' && n < max {
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n += 1;
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while self.chars[n].is_ascii_digit() && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
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}
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// Scientific notation part
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if self.chars[n] == 'e' || self.chars[n] == 'E' && n < max {
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n += 1;
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if self.chars[n] == '-' || self.chars[n] == '+' && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
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// Exponent base
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while self.chars[n].is_ascii_digit() && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
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}
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// If there are numeric digits attempt to parse the digits as a number
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if n > start {
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let mut end = if n < self.chars.len() { n } else { max };
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// Hack to remove non-number characters
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if !self.chars[end].is_ascii_digit() {
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end -= 1;
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}
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let str = String::from_iter(&self.chars[start..=end]);
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match str.parse::<f64>() {
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Ok(number) => {
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self.increment(str.len());
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return Ok(Some(JSONValue::from(number)));
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}
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Err(e) => Err(ParseError::ExpectedDigit(format!("'{}', {:#?}", str, e))),
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}
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} else {
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Ok(None)
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}
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}
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::True`, `JSONValue::False`, or a `JSONValue::Null` next in the JSON
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fn parse_keyword(
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&mut self,
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search: &str,
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value: JSONValue,
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) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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let start = self.i;
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let end = if self.i + search.len() > self.chars.len() {
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self.chars.len()
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} else {
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self.i + search.len()
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};
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let slice = &String::from_iter(&self.chars[start..end]);
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if slice == search {
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self.i += search.len();
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return Ok(Some(value));
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}
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Ok(None)
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}
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/// Increment the internal index until the next character is not a whitespace character
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fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) {
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while self.chars[self.i].is_ascii_whitespace() {
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self.increment(1);
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}
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}
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/// 'Eat' the specified character
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///
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/// * If the next `char` matches the one passed, the internal index is incremented
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/// * If the next `char` does not match the one passed, a `ParseError::ExpectedToken`
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/// error is returned
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fn eat(&mut self, ch: char) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
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if self.chars[self.i] != ch {
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let msg = format!("Expected {}.", ch);
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return Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken(msg));
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}
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self.increment(1);
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Ok(())
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}
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/// Do a checked increment of the internal pointer index
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fn increment(&mut self, amount: usize) {
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let current = self.i;
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if current + amount >= self.chars.len() {
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self.i = self.chars.len() - 1;
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} else {
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self.i += amount;
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}
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}
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/// Convert a `&str` containing JSON into a `Result<JSONValue, ParseError>`
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pub fn parse(json: &str) -> JSONResult {
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JSON::new(json).parse_value()
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}
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}
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod tests {
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use super::JSONValue::{Array, False, Null, Number, Object, True};
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use super::*;
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#[test]
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fn value_conversion() {
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let map: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
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let num = 9.380831539;
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let str = "applesauce";
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let arr: JSONArray = vec![JSONValue::from(map.clone()), JSONValue::from(num), JSONValue::from(str)];
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assert_eq!(map.clone(), JSONMap::from(JSONValue::from(map.clone())));
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assert_eq!(num, f64::from(JSONValue::from(num)));
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assert_eq!(String::from(str), String::from(JSONValue::from(str)));
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assert_eq!(arr.clone(), JSONArray::from(JSONValue::from(arr.clone())));
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assert_eq!(true, bool::from(JSONValue::from(true)));
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assert_eq!(false, bool::from(JSONValue::from(false)));
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assert_eq!((), <()>::from(JSONValue::from(())));
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}
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#[test]
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fn wrap_and_unwrap() {
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let map: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
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let num = 9.380831539;
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let str = "applesauce";
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let arr: JSONArray = vec![JSONValue::from(map.clone()), JSONValue::from(num), JSONValue::from(str)];
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let s: String = JSONValue::from(str).unwrap();
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let a: JSONArray = JSONValue::from(arr.clone()).unwrap();
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assert_eq!(map.clone(), JSONValue::from(map.clone()).unwrap());
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assert_eq!(num, JSONValue::from(num).unwrap());
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assert_eq!(str, &s);
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assert_eq!(arr.clone(), a);
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assert_eq!(true, JSONValue::from(true).unwrap());
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assert_eq!(false, JSONValue::from(false).unwrap());
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assert_eq!((), JSONValue::from(()).unwrap());
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}
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#[test]
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fn parse_keyword() {
|
|
let res = JSON::new(r#""foobarbaz""#).parse_keyword("true", JSONValue::True);
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(None));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new("true").parse_keyword("true", JSONValue::True);
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(True)));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn skip_whitespace() {
|
|
let mut parser = JSON::new(" \t\r\nx");
|
|
parser.skip_whitespace();
|
|
assert_eq!('x', parser.chars[parser.i]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_string() {
|
|
let res = JSON::new(r#""\t""#).parse_string();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(JSONValue::from("\t"))));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new(r#""\u203d""#).parse_string();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(JSONValue::from("‽"))));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_empty_array() {
|
|
let res = JSON::new("[]").parse_value();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Array(vec![])));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_number() {
|
|
// This function works like I think, right?
|
|
assert_eq!(','.is_ascii_digit(), false);
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new(r#""foo""#).parse_number();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(None));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new("3.14159").parse_number();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(Number(3.14159f64))));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new("3e4").parse_number();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(Number(3e4f64))));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new("1.234,").parse_number();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(Number(1.234f64))));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn can_parse_array_of_keywords() {
|
|
let result = JSON::parse("[true,false,null]");
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(result, Ok(Array(vec![True, False, Null])));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_object() {
|
|
let result = JSON::new(r#"{"foo": "bar"}"#).parse_object();
|
|
|
|
let mut hash_map: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
hash_map.insert(String::from("foo"), JSONValue::from("bar"));
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(result, Ok(Some(JSONValue::Object(hash_map))));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_json_types() {
|
|
// Boolean / Null
|
|
let res = JSON::parse("true");
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(True));
|
|
let res = JSON::parse("false");
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(False));
|
|
let res = JSON::parse("null");
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Null));
|
|
|
|
// Number
|
|
let res = JSON::parse("9.38083151965");
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Number(9.38083151965)), "Failed to parse number");
|
|
|
|
// String
|
|
let res = JSON::parse(r#""/^$/""#);
|
|
assert_eq!(
|
|
res,
|
|
Ok(JSONValue::from("/^$/")),
|
|
"Failed to parse string"
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
// Number array
|
|
let res = JSON::parse("[1, 2, 3]");
|
|
assert_eq!(
|
|
res,
|
|
Ok(Array(vec![Number(1f64), Number(2f64), Number(3f64)]))
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
// Object array
|
|
let result = JSON::parse("[{}]");
|
|
assert_eq!(result, Ok(JSONValue::Array(vec![Object(HashMap::new())])));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_nested_object() {
|
|
let res = JSON::parse(r#"{"a": {"b": []}}"#);
|
|
let mut outermap: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
let mut innermap: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
|
|
innermap.insert(String::from("b"), Array(vec![]));
|
|
outermap.insert(String::from("a"), Object(innermap));
|
|
|
|
let expected = Ok(Object(outermap));
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(res, expected);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_object_with_number_values() {
|
|
let result = JSON::parse(r#"[{ "a": 9.38083151965, "b": 4e3 }]"#);
|
|
let mut map: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
map.insert(String::from("a"), Number(9.38083151965f64));
|
|
map.insert(String::from("b"), Number(4e3f64));
|
|
|
|
let expected = Ok(Array(vec![Object(map)]));
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(
|
|
result, expected,
|
|
"Failed on just number values: {:#?}",
|
|
result
|
|
);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_weird_character_array() {
|
|
let result =
|
|
JSON::parse(r#"["\"", "\\", "/", "\b", "\f", "\n", "\r", "\t", "\u0001", "\uface"]"#);
|
|
let expected = Ok(Array(vec![
|
|
JSONValue::from("\""),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\\"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("/"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\u{8}"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\x0C"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\n"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\r"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\t"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\u{1}"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\u{face}"),
|
|
]));
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(result, expected);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_full_json_example() {
|
|
let result = JSON::parse(
|
|
r#"[{
|
|
"a": 9.38083151965,
|
|
"b": 4e3,
|
|
"c": [1, 2, 3],
|
|
"d": "foo",
|
|
"e": {
|
|
"f": {
|
|
"g": {
|
|
"h": null
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"i": ["\"", "\\", "/", "\b", "\f", "\n", "\r", "\t", "\u0001", "\uface"]
|
|
}]"#,
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
let mut map: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
let mut emap: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
let mut fmap: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
let mut gmap: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
|
|
gmap.insert(String::from("h"), Null);
|
|
fmap.insert(String::from("g"), Object(gmap));
|
|
emap.insert(String::from("f"), Object(fmap));
|
|
|
|
map.insert(String::from("a"), Number(9.38083151965f64));
|
|
map.insert(String::from("b"), Number(4e3f64));
|
|
map.insert(
|
|
String::from("c"),
|
|
Array(vec![Number(1f64), Number(2f64), Number(3f64)]),
|
|
);
|
|
map.insert(String::from("d"), JSONValue::from("foo"));
|
|
map.insert(String::from("e"), Object(emap));
|
|
|
|
map.insert(
|
|
String::from("i"),
|
|
Array(vec![
|
|
JSONValue::from("\""),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\\"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("/"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\u{8}"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\x0C"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\n"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\r"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\t"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\u{1}"),
|
|
JSONValue::from("\u{face}"),
|
|
]),
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
assert!(result.is_ok(), format!("{:#?}", result));
|
|
|
|
let outer_array: Vec<JSONValue> = result.unwrap().unwrap();
|
|
let result_map: JSONMap = outer_array[0].clone().unwrap();
|
|
|
|
for (k, v) in &map {
|
|
assert_eq!(
|
|
result_map.get(k).unwrap(),
|
|
v,
|
|
"HashMap Entry Differs: {:#?}, {:#?}",
|
|
result_map.get(k).unwrap(),
|
|
v
|
|
);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|