Query/classes/query_builder.php

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<?php
/**
* Query
*
* Free Query Builder / Database Abstraction Layer
*
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* @package Query
* @author Timothy J. Warren
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* @copyright Copyright (c) 2012
* @link https://github.com/aviat4ion/Query
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* @license http://philsturgeon.co.uk/code/dbad-license
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*/
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Convienience class for creating sql queries - also the class that
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* instantiates the specific db driver
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*
* @package Query
* @subpackage Query
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*/
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class Query_Builder {
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! SQL Clause Strings
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Compiled 'select' clause
private $select_string;
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// Compiled 'from' clause
private $from_string;
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// Compiled arguments for insert / update
private $set_string;
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// Order by clause
private $order_string;
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// Group by clause
private $group_string;
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! SQL Clause Arrays
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Keys for insert/update statement
private $set_array_keys;
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// Key/val pairs for order by clause
private $order_array;
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// Key/val pairs for group by clause
private $group_array;
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Other Class vars
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Values to apply to prepared statements
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private $values = array();
// Values to apply to where clauses in prepared statements
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private $where_values = array();
// Value for limit string
private $limit;
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// Value for offset in limit string
private $offset;
// Alias to $this->db->sql
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public $sql;
// Query component order mapping
// for complex select queries
//
// Format:
// array(
// 'type' => 'where',
// 'conjunction' => ' AND ',
// 'string' => 'k=?'
// )
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private $query_map;
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// Map for having clause
private $having_map;
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// Convenience property for connection management
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public $conn_name = "";
// List of sql queries executed
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public $queries;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Constructor
*
* @param DB_PDO $db
* @param object $params - the connection parameters
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*/
public function __construct(&$db, &$params)
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{
$this->db = $db;
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// Set the connection name property, if applicable
if (isset($params->name))
{
$this->conn_name = $params->name;
}
// Instantiate the Query Parser
$this->parser = new Query_Parser();
// Make things just slightly shorter
$this->sql =& $this->db->sql;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Select Queries
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Specifies rows to select in a query
*
* @param string $fields
* @return $this
*/
public function select($fields)
{
// Split fields by comma
$fields_array = explode(",", $fields);
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$fields_array = array_map('mb_trim', $fields_array);
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// Split on 'As'
foreach ($fields_array as $key => $field)
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{
if (stripos($field, 'as') !== FALSE)
{
$fields_array[$key] = preg_split('` as `i', $field);
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$fields_array[$key] = array_map('mb_trim', $fields_array[$key]);
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}
}
// Quote the identifiers
$safe_array = $this->db->quote_ident($fields_array);
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unset($fields_array);
// Join the strings back together
for($i = 0, $c = count($safe_array); $i < $c; $i++)
{
if (is_array($safe_array[$i]))
{
$safe_array[$i] = implode(' AS ', $safe_array[$i]);
}
}
$this->select_string .= implode(',', $safe_array);
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unset($safe_array);
return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
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* Method to simplify select_ methods
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
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* @return string
*/
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private function _select($field, $as = FALSE)
{
// Escape the identifiers
$field = $this->db->quote_ident($field);
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$as = ($as !== FALSE)
? $this->db->quote_ident($as)
: $field;
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return "({$field}) AS {$as} ";
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Selects the maximum value of a field from a query
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return $this
*/
public function select_max($field, $as=FALSE)
{
// Create the select string
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$this->select_string .= ' MAX'.$this->_select($field, $as);
return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Selects the minimum value of a field from a query
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return $this
*/
public function select_min($field, $as=FALSE)
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{
// Create the select string
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$this->select_string .= ' MIN'.$this->_select($field, $as);
return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Selects the average value of a field from a query
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return $this
*/
public function select_avg($field, $as=FALSE)
{
// Create the select string
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$this->select_string .= ' AVG'.$this->_select($field, $as);
return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Selects the sum of a field from a query
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return $this
*/
public function select_sum($field, $as=FALSE)
{
// Create the select string
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$this->select_string .= ' SUM'.$this->_select($field, $as);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Adds the 'distinct' keyword to a query
*
* @return $this
*/
public function distinct()
{
// Prepend the keyword to the select string
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$this->select_string = ' DISTINCT '.$this->select_string;
return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Specify the database table to select from
*
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* @param string $tblname
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* @return $this
*/
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public function from($tblname)
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{
// Split identifiers on spaces
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$ident_array = explode(' ', trim($tblname));
$ident_array = array_map('mb_trim', $ident_array);
// Quote the identifiers
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$ident_array[0] = $this->db->quote_table($ident_array[0]);
$ident_array = $this->db->quote_ident($ident_array);
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// Paste it back together
$this->from_string = implode(' ', $ident_array);
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return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! 'Like' methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
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* Simplify 'like' methods
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*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
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* @param string $like
* @param string $conj
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* @return $this
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*/
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private function _like($field, $val, $pos, $like='LIKE', $conj='AND')
{
$field = $this->db->quote_ident($field);
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// Add the like string into the order map
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$l = $field. " {$like} ?";
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if ($pos == 'before')
{
$val = "%{$val}";
}
elseif ($pos == 'after')
{
$val = "{$val}%";
}
else
{
$val = "%{$val}%";
}
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$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'like',
'conjunction' => (empty($this->query_map)) ? ' WHERE ' : " {$conj} ",
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'string' => $l
);
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// Add to the values array
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$this->where_values[] = $val;
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return $this;
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Creates a Like clause in the sql statement
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
* @return $this
*/
public function like($field, $val, $pos='both')
{
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return $this->_like($field, $val, $pos, 'LIKE', 'AND');
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Generates an OR Like clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
* @return $this
*/
public function or_like($field, $val, $pos='both')
{
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return $this->_like($field, $val, $pos, 'LIKE', 'OR');
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Generates a NOT LIKE clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
* @return $this
*/
public function not_like($field, $val, $pos='both')
{
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return $this->_like($field, $val, $pos, 'NOT LIKE', 'AND');
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Generates a OR NOT LIKE clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
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* @return $this
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*/
public function or_not_like($field, $val, $pos='both')
{
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return $this->_like($field, $val, $pos, 'NOT LIKE', 'OR');
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Having methods
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
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* Simplify building having clauses
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*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
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* @param string $conj
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* @return $this
*/
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private function _having($key, $val=array(), $conj='AND')
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{
$where = $this->_where($key, $val);
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// Create key/value placeholders
foreach($where as $f => $val)
{
// Split each key by spaces, in case there
// is an operator such as >, <, !=, etc.
$f_array = explode(' ', trim($f));
$item = $this->db->quote_ident($f_array[0]);
// Simple key value, or an operator
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$item .= (count($f_array) === 1) ? '=?' : " {$f_array[1]} ?";
// Put in the query map for select statements
$this->having_map[] = array(
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'conjunction' => ( ! empty($this->having_map)) ? " {$conj} " : ' HAVING ',
'string' => $item
);
}
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return $this;
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Generates a 'Having' clause
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function having($key, $val=array())
{
return $this->_having($key, $val, 'AND');
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Generates a 'Having' clause prefixed with 'OR'
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function or_having($key, $val=array())
{
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return $this->_having($key, $val, 'OR');
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! 'Where' methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Do all the repeditive stuff for where/having type methods
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*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return array
*/
private function _where($key, $val=array())
{
$where = array();
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// Key and value passed? Add them to the where array
if (is_scalar($key) && is_scalar($val))
{
$where[$key] = $val;
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$this->where_values[] = $val;
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}
// Array or object, loop through and add to the where array
elseif ( ! is_scalar($key))
{
foreach($key as $k => $v)
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{
$where[$k] = $v;
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$this->where_values[] = $v;
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}
}
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return $where;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Simplify generating where string
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $conj
* @return $this
*/
private function _where_string($key, $val=array(), $conj='AND')
{
$where = $this->_where($key, $val);
// Create key/value placeholders
foreach($where as $f => $val)
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{
// Split each key by spaces, in case there
// is an operator such as >, <, !=, etc.
$f_array = explode(' ', trim($f));
$item = $this->db->quote_ident($f_array[0]);
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// Simple key value, or an operator
$item .= (count($f_array) === 1) ? '=?' : " {$f_array[1]} ?";
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// Put in the query map for select statements
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'where',
'conjunction' => ( ! empty($this->query_map)) ? " {$conj} " : ' WHERE ',
'string' => $item
);
}
return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Simplify where_in methods
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @param string
* @param string
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* @return $this
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*/
private function _where_in($key, $val=array(), $in='IN', $conj='AND')
{
$key = $this->db->quote_ident($key);
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$params = array_fill(0, count($val), '?');
foreach($val as $v)
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{
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$this->where_values[] = $v;
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}
$string = $key . " {$in} (".implode(',', $params).') ';
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$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'where_in',
'conjunction' => ( ! empty($this->query_map)) ? " {$conj} " : ' WHERE ',
'string' => $string
);
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return $this;
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Specify condition(s) in the where clause of a query
* Note: this function works with key / value, or a
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* passed array with key / value pairs
*
* @param mixed $key
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* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function where($key, $val=array())
{
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return $this->_where_string($key, $val, 'AND');
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}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Where clause prefixed with "OR"
*
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* @param string $key
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* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
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public function or_where($key, $val=array())
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{
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return $this->_where_string($key, $val, 'OR');
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}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Where clause with 'IN' statement
*
* @param mixed $field
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function where_in($field, $val=array())
{
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return $this->_where_in($field, $val);
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}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Where in statement prefixed with "or"
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function or_where_in($field, $val=array())
{
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return $this->_where_in($field, $val, 'IN', 'OR');
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* WHERE NOT IN (FOO) clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function where_not_in($field, $val=array())
{
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return $this->_where_in($field, $val, 'NOT IN', 'AND');
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}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* OR WHERE NOT IN (FOO) clause
*
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* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function or_where_not_in($field, $val=array())
{
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return $this->_where_in($field, $val, 'NOT IN', 'OR');
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Other Query Modifier methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Sets values for inserts / updates / deletes
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
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public function set($key, $val = NULL)
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{
// Plain key, value pair
if (is_scalar($key) && is_scalar($val))
{
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$this->set_array_keys[] = $key;
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$this->values[] = $val;
}
// Object or array
elseif ( ! is_scalar($key))
{
foreach($key as $k => $v)
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{
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$this->set_array_keys[] = $k;
$this->values[] = $v;
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}
}
// Use the keys of the array to make the insert/update string
// Escape the field names
$this->set_array_keys = $this->db->quote_ident($this->set_array_keys);
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// Generate the "set" string
$this->set_string = implode('=?,', $this->set_array_keys);
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$this->set_string .= '=?';
return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Creates a join phrase in a compiled query
*
* @param string $table
* @param string $condition
* @param string $type
* @return $this
*/
public function join($table, $condition, $type='')
{
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// Prefix and quote table name
$table = explode(' ', mb_trim($table));
$table[0] = $this->db->quote_table($table[0]);
$table = $this->db->quote_ident($table);
$table = implode(' ', $table);
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// Parse out the join condition
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$parts = $this->parser->parse_join($condition);
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$count = count($parts['identifiers']);
// Go through and quote the identifiers
for($i=0; $i <= $count; $i++)
{
if (in_array($parts['combined'][$i], $parts['identifiers']) && ! is_numeric($parts['combined'][$i]))
{
$parts['combined'][$i] = $this->db->quote_ident($parts['combined'][$i]);
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}
}
$parsed_condition = implode('', $parts['combined']);
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$condition = $table . ' ON ' . $parsed_condition;
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$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'join',
'conjunction' => strtoupper($type).' JOIN ',
'string' => $condition,
);
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return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Group the results by the selected field(s)
*
* @param mixed $field
* @return $this
*/
public function group_by($field)
{
if ( ! is_scalar($field))
{
$this->group_array = $this->db->quote_ident($field);
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}
else
{
$this->group_array[] = $this->db->quote_ident($field);
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}
$this->group_string = ' GROUP BY ' . implode(',', $this->group_array);
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return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Order the results by the selected field(s)
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $type
* @return $this
*/
public function order_by($field, $type="")
{
// Random case
if (stripos($type, 'rand') !== FALSE)
{
$type = (($rand = $this->sql->random()) !== FALSE ) ? $rand : 'ASC';
}
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// Set fields for later manipulation
$field = $this->db->quote_ident($field);
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$this->order_array[$field] = $type;
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$order_clauses = array();
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// Flatten key/val pairs into an array of space-separated pairs
foreach($this->order_array as $k => $v)
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{
$order_clauses[] = $k . ' ' . strtoupper($v);
}
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// Set the final string
$this->order_string = (empty($rand))
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? ' ORDER BY '.implode(',', $order_clauses)
: ' ORDER BY'.$rand;
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return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Set a limit on the current sql statement
*
* @param int $limit
* @param int $offset
* @return string
*/
public function limit($limit, $offset=FALSE)
{
$this->limit = $limit;
$this->offset = $offset;
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return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Query Grouping Methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Adds a paren to the current query for query grouping
*
* @return $this
*/
public function group_start()
{
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'group_start',
'conjunction' => '',
'string' => ' ('
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Adds a paren to the current query for query grouping,
* prefixed with 'OR'
*
* @return $this
*/
public function or_group_start()
{
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'group_start',
'conjunction' => '',
'string' => ' OR ('
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Adds a paren to the current query for query grouping,
* prefixed with 'OR NOT'
*
* @return $this
*/
public function or_not_group_start()
{
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'group_start',
'conjunction' => '',
'string' => ' OR NOT ('
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Ends a query group
*
* @return $this
*/
public function group_end()
{
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'group_end',
'conjunction' => '',
'string' => ' ) '
);
return $this;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Query execution methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Select and retrieve all records from the current table, and/or
* execute current compiled query
*
* @param $table
* @param int $limit
* @param int $offset
* @return object
*/
public function get($table='', $limit=FALSE, $offset=FALSE)
{
// Set the table
if ( ! empty($table))
{
$this->from($table);
}
// Set the limit, if it exists
if ($limit !== FALSE)
{
$this->limit($limit, $offset);
}
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// Do prepared statements for anything involving a "where" clause
if ( ! empty($this->query_map) || ! empty($this->having_map))
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{
return $this->_run("get", $table);
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}
else
{
return $this->_run("get", $table, TRUE);
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}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Convience method for get() with a where clause
*
* @param string $table
* @param array $where
* @param int $limit
* @param int $offset
* @return object
*/
public function get_where($table, $where=array(), $limit=FALSE, $offset=FALSE)
{
// Create the where clause
$this->where($where);
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// Return the result
return $this->get($table, $limit, $offset);
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Retreive the number of rows in the selected table
*
* @param string $table
* @return int
*/
public function count_all($table)
{
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->db->quote_table($table);
$res = $this->db->query($sql);
return (int) count($res->fetchAll());
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Retrieve the number of results for the generated query - used
* in place of the get() method
*
* @param string $table
* @return int
*/
public function count_all_results($table='')
{
// Set the table
if ( ! empty($table))
{
$this->from($table);
}
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// Do prepared statements for anything involving a "where" clause
if ( ! empty($this->query_map))
{
$result = $this->_run('get', $table);
}
else
{
// Otherwise, a simple query will do.
$result = $this->_run('get', $table, TRUE);
}
$rows = $result->fetchAll();
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return (int) count($rows);
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Creates an insert clause, and executes it
*
* @param string $table
* @param mixed $data
* @return mixed
*/
public function insert($table, $data=array())
{
// No use duplicating logic!
if ( ! empty($data))
{
$this->set($data);
}
return $this->_run("insert", $table);
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}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Creates an update clause, and executes it
*
* @param string $table
* @param mixed $data
* @return mixed
*/
public function update($table, $data=array())
{
// No use duplicating logic!
if ( ! empty($data))
{
$this->set($data);
}
return $this->_run("update", $table);
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Deletes data from a table
*
* @param string $table
* @param mixed $where
* @return mixed
*/
public function delete($table, $where='')
{
// Set the where clause
if ( ! empty($where))
{
$this->where($where);
}
return $this->_run("delete", $table);
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}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Query Returning Methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns the generated 'select' sql query
*
* @param string $table
* @param bool $reset
* @return string
*/
public function get_compiled_select($table='', $reset=TRUE)
{
// Set the table
if ( ! empty($table))
{
$this->from($table);
}
return $this->_get_compile('select', $table, $reset);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns the generated 'insert' sql query
*
* @param string $table
* @param bool $reset
* @return string
*/
public function get_compiled_insert($table, $reset=TRUE)
{
return $this->_get_compile('insert', $table, $reset);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns the generated 'insert' sql query
*
* @param string $table
* @param bool $reset
* @return string
*/
public function get_compiled_update($table='', $reset=TRUE)
{
return $this->_get_compile('update', $table, $reset);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns the generated 'insert' sql query
*
* @param string $table
* @param bool $reset
* @return string
*/
public function get_compiled_delete($table="", $reset=TRUE)
{
return $this->_get_compile('delete', $table, $reset);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Helper function for returning sql strings
*
* @param string $type
* @param string $table
* @param bool
* @resturn string
*/
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private function _get_compile($type, $table, $reset)
{
$sql = $this->_compile($type, $table);
// Reset the query builder for the next query
if ($reset)
{
$this->reset_query();
}
return $sql;
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Miscellaneous Methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Clear out the class variables, so the next query can be run
*
* @return void
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*/
public function reset_query()
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{
foreach($this as $name => $var)
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{
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$skip = array('db','sql','queries','table_prefix','parser','conn_name');
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// Skip properties that are needed for every query
if (in_array($name, $skip))
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{
continue;
}
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// Nothing query-generation related is safe!
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$this->$name = NULL;
// Set empty arrays
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$this->values = array();
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// Set select string as an empty string, for proper handling
// of the 'distinct' keyword
$this->select_string = '';
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}
}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* Executes the compiled query
*
* @param string $type
* @param string $table
* @param bool $simple
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* @return mixed
*/
private function _run($type, $table, $simple=FALSE)
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{
$sql = $this->_compile($type, $table);
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$vals = array_merge($this->values, (array) $this->where_values);
$res = ($simple)
? $this->db->query($sql)
: $this->db->prepare_execute($sql, $vals);
$this->reset_query();
return $res;
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}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Calls a function further down the inheritence chain
*
* @param string $name
* @param array $params
* @return mixed
*/
public function __call($name, $params)
{
if (method_exists($this->db, $name))
{
return call_user_func_array(array($this->db, $name), $params);
}
return NULL;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
* String together the sql statements for sending to the db
*
* @param string $type
* @param string $table
* @return $string
*/
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private function _compile($type='', $table='')
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{
$sql = '';
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$table = $this->db->quote_table($table);
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switch($type)
{
default:
case "get":
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$sql = "SELECT * FROM {$this->from_string}";
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// Set the select string
if ( ! empty($this->select_string))
{
// Replace the star with the selected fields
$sql = str_replace('*', $this->select_string, $sql);
}
break;
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case "insert":
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$param_count = count($this->set_array_keys);
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$params = array_fill(0, $param_count, '?');
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$sql = "INSERT INTO {$table} ("
. implode(',', $this->set_array_keys) .
') VALUES ('.implode(',', $params).')';
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break;
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case "update":
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$sql = "UPDATE {$table} SET {$this->set_string}";
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break;
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case "delete":
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$sql = "DELETE FROM {$table}";
break;
}
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// Set the where clause
if ( ! empty($this->query_map))
{
foreach($this->query_map as $q)
{
$sql .= $q['conjunction'] . $q['string'];
}
}
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// Set the group_by clause
if ( ! empty($this->group_string))
{
$sql .= $this->group_string;
}
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// Set the order_by clause
if ( ! empty($this->order_string))
{
$sql .= $this->order_string;
}
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// Set the having clause
if ( ! empty($this->having_map))
{
foreach($this->having_map as $h)
{
$sql .= $h['conjunction'] . $h['string'];
}
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}
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// Set the limit via the class variables
if (isset($this->limit) && is_numeric($this->limit))
{
$sql = $this->sql->limit($sql, $this->limit, $this->offset);
}
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// Add the query to the list of executed queries
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$this->queries[] = $sql;
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// Set the last query to get rowcounts properly
$this->db->last_query = $sql;
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// echo $sql . '<br />';
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return $sql;
}
}
// End of query_builder.php